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jinja2
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loaders.py
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"""API and implementations for loading templates from different data sources. """ import importlib.util import os import posixpath import sys import typing as t import weakref import zipimport from collections import abc from hashlib import sha1 from importlib import import_module from types import ModuleType from .exceptions import TemplateNotFound from .utils import internalcode if t.TYPE_CHECKING: from .environment import Environment from .environment import Template def split_template_path(template: str) -> t.List[str]: """Split a path into segments and perform a sanity check. If it detects '..' in the path it will raise a `TemplateNotFound` error. """ pieces = [] for piece in template.split("/"): if ( os.path.sep in piece or (os.path.altsep and os.path.altsep in piece) or piece == os.path.pardir ): raise TemplateNotFound(template) elif piece and piece != ".": pieces.append(piece) return pieces class BaseLoader: """Baseclass for all loaders. Subclass this and override `get_source` to implement a custom loading mechanism. The environment provides a `get_template` method that calls the loader's `load` method to get the :class:`Template` object. A very basic example for a loader that looks up templates on the file system could look like this:: from jinja2 import BaseLoader, TemplateNotFound from os.path import join, exists, getmtime class MyLoader(BaseLoader): def __init__(self, path): self.path = path def get_source(self, environment, template): path = join(self.path, template) if not exists(path): raise TemplateNotFound(template) mtime = getmtime(path) with open(path) as f: source = f.read() return source, path, lambda: mtime == getmtime(path) """ #: if set to `False` it indicates that the loader cannot provide access #: to the source of templates. #: #: .. versionadded:: 2.4 has_source_access = True def get_source( self, environment: "Environment", template: str ) -> t.Tuple[str, t.Optional[str], t.Optional[t.Callable[[], bool]]]: """Get the template source, filename and reload helper for a template. It's passed the environment and template name and has to return a tuple in the form ``(source, filename, uptodate)`` or raise a `TemplateNotFound` error if it can't locate the template. The source part of the returned tuple must be the source of the template as a string. The filename should be the name of the file on the filesystem if it was loaded from there, otherwise ``None``. The filename is used by Python for the tracebacks if no loader extension is used. The last item in the tuple is the `uptodate` function. If auto reloading is enabled it's always called to check if the template changed. No arguments are passed so the function must store the old state somewhere (for example in a closure). If it returns `False` the template will be reloaded. """ if not self.has_source_access: raise RuntimeError( f"{type(self).__name__} cannot provide access to the source" ) raise TemplateNotFound(template) def list_templates(self) -> t.List[str]: """Iterates over all templates. If the loader does not support that it should raise a :exc:`TypeError` which is the default behavior. """ raise TypeError("this loader cannot iterate over all templates") @internalcode def load( self, environment: "Environment", name: str, globals: t.Optional[t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]] = None, ) -> "Template": """Loads a template. This method looks up the template in the cache or loads one by calling :meth:`get_source`. Subclasses should not override this method as loaders working on collections of other loaders (such as :class:`PrefixLoader` or :class:`ChoiceLoader`) will not call this method but `get_source` directly. """ code = None if globals is None: globals = {} # first we try to get the source for this template together # with the filename and the uptodate function. source, filename, uptodate = self.get_source(environment, name) # try to load the code from the bytecode cache if there is a # bytecode cache configured. bcc = environment.bytecode_cache if bcc is not None: bucket = bcc.get_bucket(environment, name, filename, source) code = bucket.code # if we don't have code so far (not cached, no longer up to # date) etc. we compile the template if code is None: code = environment.compile(source, name, filename) # if the bytecode cache is available and the bucket doesn't # have a code so far, we give the bucket the new code and put # it back to the bytecode cache. if bcc is not None and bucket.code is None: bucket.code = code bcc.set_bucket(bucket) return environment.template_class.from_code( environment, code, globals, uptodate ) class FileSystemLoader(BaseLoader): """Load templates from a directory in the file system. The path can be relative or absolute. Relative paths are relative to the current working directory. .. code-block:: python loader = FileSystemLoader("templates") A list of paths can be given. The directories will be searched in order, stopping at the first matching template. .. code-block:: python loader = FileSystemLoader(["/override/templates", "/default/templates"]) :param searchpath: A path, or list of paths, to the directory that contains the templates. :param encoding: Use this encoding to read the text from template files. :param followlinks: Follow symbolic links in the path. .. versionchanged:: 2.8 Added the ``followlinks`` parameter. """ def __init__( self, searchpath: t.Union[ str, "os.PathLike[str]", t.Sequence[t.Union[str, "os.PathLike[str]"]] ], encoding: str = "utf-8", followlinks: bool = False, ) -> None: if not isinstance(searchpath, abc.Iterable) or isinstance(searchpath, str): searchpath = [searchpath] self.searchpath = [os.fspath(p) for p in searchpath] self.encoding = encoding self.followlinks = followlinks def get_source( self, environment: "Environment", template: str ) -> t.Tuple[str, str, t.Callable[[], bool]]: pieces = split_template_path(template) for searchpath in self.searchpath: # Use posixpath even on Windows to avoid "drive:" or UNC # segments breaking out of the search directory. filename = posixpath.join(searchpath, *pieces) if os.path.isfile(filename): break else: plural = "path" if len(self.searchpath) == 1 else "paths" paths_str = ", ".join(repr(p) for p in self.searchpath) raise TemplateNotFound( template, f"{template!r} not found in search {plural}: {paths_str}", ) with open(filename, encoding=self.encoding) as f: contents = f.read() mtime = os.path.getmtime(filename) def uptodate() -> bool: try: return os.path.getmtime(filename) == mtime except OSError: return False # Use normpath to convert Windows altsep to sep. return contents, os.path.normpath(filename), uptodate def list_templates(self) -> t.List[str]: found = set() for searchpath in self.searchpath: walk_dir = os.walk(searchpath, followlinks=self.followlinks) for dirpath, _, filenames in walk_dir: for filename in filenames: template = ( os.path.join(dirpath, filename)[len(searchpath) :] .strip(os.path.sep) .replace(os.path.sep, "/") ) if template[:2] == "./": template = template[2:] if template not in found: found.add(template) return sorted(found) if sys.version_info >= (3, 13): def _get_zipimporter_files(z: t.Any) -> t.Dict[str, object]: try: get_files = z._get_files except AttributeError as e: raise TypeError( "This zip import does not have the required" " metadata to list templates." ) from e return get_files() else: def _get_zipimporter_files(z: t.Any) -> t.Dict[str, object]: try: files = z._files except AttributeError as e: raise TypeError( "This zip import does not have the required" " metadata to list templates." ) from e return files # type: ignore[no-any-return] class PackageLoader(BaseLoader): """Load templates from a directory in a Python package. :param package_name: Import name of the package that contains the template directory. :param package_path: Directory within the imported package that contains the templates. :param encoding: Encoding of template files. The following example looks up templates in the ``pages`` directory within the ``project.ui`` package. .. code-block:: python loader = PackageLoader("project.ui", "pages") Only packages installed as directories (standard pip behavior) or zip/egg files (less common) are supported. The Python API for introspecting data in packages is too limited to support other installation methods the way this loader requires. There is limited support for :pep:`420` namespace packages. The template directory is assumed to only be in one namespace contributor. Zip files contributing to a namespace are not supported. .. versionchanged:: 3.0 No longer uses ``setuptools`` as a dependency. .. versionchanged:: 3.0 Limited PEP 420 namespace package support. """ def __init__( self, package_name: str, package_path: "str" = "templates", encoding: str = "utf-8", ) -> None: package_path = os.path.normpath(package_path).rstrip(os.path.sep) # normpath preserves ".", which isn't valid in zip paths. if package_path == os.path.curdir: package_path = "" elif package_path[:2] == os.path.curdir + os.path.sep: package_path = package_path[2:] self.package_path = package_path self.package_name = package_name self.encoding = encoding # Make sure the package exists. This also makes namespace # packages work, otherwise get_loader returns None. import_module(package_name) spec = importlib.util.find_spec(package_name) assert spec is not None, "An import spec was not found for the package." loader = spec.loader assert loader is not None, "A loader was not found for the package." self._loader = loader self._archive = None if isinstance(loader, zipimport.zipimporter): self._archive = loader.archive pkgdir = next(iter(spec.submodule_search_locations)) # type: ignore template_root = os.path.join(pkgdir, package_path).rstrip(os.path.sep) else: roots: t.List[str] = [] # One element for regular packages, multiple for namespace # packages, or None for single module file. if spec.submodule_search_locations: roots.extend(spec.submodule_search_locations) # A single module file, use the parent directory instead. elif spec.origin is not None: roots.append(os.path.dirname(spec.origin)) if not roots: raise ValueError( f"The {package_name!r} package was not installed in a" " way that PackageLoader understands." ) for root in roots: root = os.path.join(root, package_path) if os.path.isdir(root): template_root = root break else: raise ValueError( f"PackageLoader could not find a {package_path!r} directory" f" in the {package_name!r} package." ) self._template_root = template_root def get_source( self, environment: "Environment", template: str ) -> t.Tuple[str, str, t.Optional[t.Callable[[], bool]]]: # Use posixpath even on Windows to avoid "drive:" or UNC # segments breaking out of the search directory. Use normpath to # convert Windows altsep to sep. p = os.path.normpath( posixpath.join(self._template_root, *split_template_path(template)) ) up_to_date: t.Optional[t.Callable[[], bool]] if self._archive is None: # Package is a directory. if not os.path.isfile(p): raise TemplateNotFound(template) with open(p, "rb") as f: source = f.read() mtime = os.path.getmtime(p) def up_to_date() -> bool: return os.path.isfile(p) and os.path.getmtime(p) == mtime else: # Package is a zip file. try: source = self._loader.get_data(p) # type: ignore except OSError as e: raise TemplateNotFound(template) from e # Could use the zip's mtime for all template mtimes, but # would need to safely reload the module if it's out of # date, so just report it as always current. up_to_date = None return source.decode(self.encoding), p, up_to_date def list_templates(self) -> t.List[str]: results: t.List[str] = [] if self._archive is None: # Package is a directory. offset = len(self._template_root) for dirpath, _, filenames in os.walk(self._template_root): dirpath = dirpath[offset:].lstrip(os.path.sep) results.extend( os.path.join(dirpath, name).replace(os.path.sep, "/") for name in filenames ) else: files = _get_zipimporter_files(self._loader) # Package is a zip file. prefix = ( self._template_root[len(self._archive) :].lstrip(os.path.sep) + os.path.sep ) offset = len(prefix) for name in files: # Find names under the templates directory that aren't directories. if name.startswith(prefix) and name[-1] != os.path.sep: results.append(name[offset:].replace(os.path.sep, "/")) results.sort() return results class DictLoader(BaseLoader): """Loads a template from a Python dict mapping template names to template source. This loader is useful for unittesting: >>> loader = DictLoader({'index.html': 'source here'}) Because auto reloading is rarely useful this is disabled by default. """ def __init__(self, mapping: t.Mapping[str, str]) -> None: self.mapping = mapping def get_source( self, environment: "Environment", template: str ) -> t.Tuple[str, None, t.Callable[[], bool]]: if template in self.mapping: source = self.mapping[template] return source, None, lambda: source == self.mapping.get(template) raise TemplateNotFound(template) def list_templates(self) -> t.List[str]: return sorted(self.mapping) class FunctionLoader(BaseLoader): """A loader that is passed a function which does the loading. The function receives the name of the template and has to return either a string with the template source, a tuple in the form ``(source, filename, uptodatefunc)`` or `None` if the template does not exist. >>> def load_template(name): ... if name == 'index.html': ... return '...' ... >>> loader = FunctionLoader(load_template) The `uptodatefunc` is a function that is called if autoreload is enabled and has to return `True` if the template is still up to date. For more details have a look at :meth:`BaseLoader.get_source` which has the same return value. """ def __init__( self, load_func: t.Callable[ [str], t.Optional[ t.Union[ str, t.Tuple[str, t.Optional[str], t.Optional[t.Callable[[], bool]]] ] ], ], ) -> None: self.load_func = load_func def get_source( self, environment: "Environment", template: str ) -> t.Tuple[str, t.Optional[str], t.Optional[t.Callable[[], bool]]]: rv = self.load_func(template) if rv is None: raise TemplateNotFound(template) if isinstance(rv, str): return rv, None, None return rv class PrefixLoader(BaseLoader): """A loader that is passed a dict of loaders where each loader is bound to a prefix. The prefix is delimited from the template by a slash per default, which can be changed by setting the `delimiter` argument to something else:: loader = PrefixLoader({ 'app1': PackageLoader('mypackage.app1'), 'app2': PackageLoader('mypackage.app2') }) By loading ``'app1/index.html'`` the file from the app1 package is loaded, by loading ``'app2/index.html'`` the file from the second. """ def __init__( self, mapping: t.Mapping[str, BaseLoader], delimiter: str = "/" ) -> None: self.mapping = mapping self.delimiter = delimiter def get_loader(self, template: str) -> t.Tuple[BaseLoader, str]: try: prefix, name = template.split(self.delimiter, 1) loader = self.mapping[prefix] except (ValueError, KeyError) as e: raise TemplateNotFound(template) from e return loader, name def get_source( self, environment: "Environment", template: str ) -> t.Tuple[str, t.Optional[str], t.Optional[t.Callable[[], bool]]]: loader, name = self.get_loader(template) try: return loader.get_source(environment, name) except TemplateNotFound as e: # re-raise the exception with the correct filename here. # (the one that includes the prefix) raise TemplateNotFound(template) from e @internalcode def load( self, environment: "Environment", name: str, globals: t.Optional[t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]] = None, ) -> "Template": loader, local_name = self.get_loader(name) try: return loader.load(environment, local_name, globals) except TemplateNotFound as e: # re-raise the exception with the correct filename here. # (the one that includes the prefix) raise TemplateNotFound(name) from e def list_templates(self) -> t.List[str]: result = [] for prefix, loader in self.mapping.items(): for template in loader.list_templates(): result.append(prefix + self.delimiter + template) return result class ChoiceLoader(BaseLoader): """This loader works like the `PrefixLoader` just that no prefix is specified. If a template could not be found by one loader the next one is tried. >>> loader = ChoiceLoader([ ... FileSystemLoader('/path/to/user/templates'), ... FileSystemLoader('/path/to/system/templates') ... ]) This is useful if you want to allow users to override builtin templates from a different location. """ def __init__(self, loaders: t.Sequence[BaseLoader]) -> None: self.loaders = loaders def get_source( self, environment: "Environment", template: str ) -> t.Tuple[str, t.Optional[str], t.Optional[t.Callable[[], bool]]]: for loader in self.loaders: try: return loader.get_source(environment, template) except TemplateNotFound: pass raise TemplateNotFound(template) @internalcode def load( self, environment: "Environment", name: str, globals: t.Optional[t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]] = None, ) -> "Template": for loader in self.loaders: try: return loader.load(environment, name, globals) except TemplateNotFound: pass raise TemplateNotFound(name) def list_templates(self) -> t.List[str]: found = set() for loader in self.loaders: found.update(loader.list_templates()) return sorted(found) class _TemplateModule(ModuleType): """Like a normal module but with support for weak references""" class ModuleLoader(BaseLoader): """This loader loads templates from precompiled templates. Example usage: >>> loader = ModuleLoader('/path/to/compiled/templates') Templates can be precompiled with :meth:`Environment.compile_templates`. """ has_source_access = False def __init__( self, path: t.Union[ str, "os.PathLike[str]", t.Sequence[t.Union[str, "os.PathLike[str]"]] ], ) -> None: package_name = f"_jinja2_module_templates_{id(self):x}" # create a fake module that looks for the templates in the # path given. mod = _TemplateModule(package_name) if not isinstance(path, abc.Iterable) or isinstance(path, str): path = [path] mod.__path__ = [os.fspath(p) for p in path] sys.modules[package_name] = weakref.proxy( mod, lambda x: sys.modules.pop(package_name, None) ) # the only strong reference, the sys.modules entry is weak # so that the garbage collector can remove it once the # loader that created it goes out of business. self.module = mod self.package_name = package_name @staticmethod def get_template_key(name: str) -> str: return "tmpl_" + sha1(name.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest() @staticmethod def get_module_filename(name: str) -> str: return ModuleLoader.get_template_key(name) + ".py" @internalcode def load( self, environment: "Environment", name: str, globals: t.Optional[t.MutableMapping[str, t.Any]] = None, ) -> "Template": key = self.get_template_key(name) module = f"{self.package_name}.{key}" mod = getattr(self.module, module, None) if mod is None: try: mod = __import__(module, None, None, ["root"]) except ImportError as e: raise TemplateNotFound(name) from e # remove the entry from sys.modules, we only want the attribute # on the module object we have stored on the loader. sys.modules.pop(module, None) if globals is None: globals = {} return environment.template_class.from_module_dict( environment, mod.__dict__, globals )