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http1connection.py
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# # Copyright 2014 Facebook # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may # not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain # a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT # WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the # License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations # under the License. """Client and server implementations of HTTP/1.x. .. versionadded:: 4.0 """ import asyncio import logging import re import types from tornado.concurrent import ( Future, future_add_done_callback, future_set_result_unless_cancelled, ) from tornado.escape import native_str, utf8 from tornado import gen from tornado import httputil from tornado import iostream from tornado.log import gen_log, app_log from tornado.util import GzipDecompressor from typing import cast, Optional, Type, Awaitable, Callable, Union, Tuple class _QuietException(Exception): def __init__(self) -> None: pass class _ExceptionLoggingContext(object): """Used with the ``with`` statement when calling delegate methods to log any exceptions with the given logger. Any exceptions caught are converted to _QuietException """ def __init__(self, logger: logging.Logger) -> None: self.logger = logger def __enter__(self) -> None: pass def __exit__( self, typ: "Optional[Type[BaseException]]", value: Optional[BaseException], tb: types.TracebackType, ) -> None: if value is not None: assert typ is not None self.logger.error("Uncaught exception", exc_info=(typ, value, tb)) raise _QuietException class HTTP1ConnectionParameters(object): """Parameters for `.HTTP1Connection` and `.HTTP1ServerConnection`. """ def __init__( self, no_keep_alive: bool = False, chunk_size: int = None, max_header_size: int = None, header_timeout: float = None, max_body_size: int = None, body_timeout: float = None, decompress: bool = False, ) -> None: """ :arg bool no_keep_alive: If true, always close the connection after one request. :arg int chunk_size: how much data to read into memory at once :arg int max_header_size: maximum amount of data for HTTP headers :arg float header_timeout: how long to wait for all headers (seconds) :arg int max_body_size: maximum amount of data for body :arg float body_timeout: how long to wait while reading body (seconds) :arg bool decompress: if true, decode incoming ``Content-Encoding: gzip`` """ self.no_keep_alive = no_keep_alive self.chunk_size = chunk_size or 65536 self.max_header_size = max_header_size or 65536 self.header_timeout = header_timeout self.max_body_size = max_body_size self.body_timeout = body_timeout self.decompress = decompress class HTTP1Connection(httputil.HTTPConnection): """Implements the HTTP/1.x protocol. This class can be on its own for clients, or via `HTTP1ServerConnection` for servers. """ def __init__( self, stream: iostream.IOStream, is_client: bool, params: HTTP1ConnectionParameters = None, context: object = None, ) -> None: """ :arg stream: an `.IOStream` :arg bool is_client: client or server :arg params: a `.HTTP1ConnectionParameters` instance or ``None`` :arg context: an opaque application-defined object that can be accessed as ``connection.context``. """ self.is_client = is_client self.stream = stream if params is None: params = HTTP1ConnectionParameters() self.params = params self.context = context self.no_keep_alive = params.no_keep_alive # The body limits can be altered by the delegate, so save them # here instead of just referencing self.params later. self._max_body_size = self.params.max_body_size or self.stream.max_buffer_size self._body_timeout = self.params.body_timeout # _write_finished is set to True when finish() has been called, # i.e. there will be no more data sent. Data may still be in the # stream's write buffer. self._write_finished = False # True when we have read the entire incoming body. self._read_finished = False # _finish_future resolves when all data has been written and flushed # to the IOStream. self._finish_future = Future() # type: Future[None] # If true, the connection should be closed after this request # (after the response has been written in the server side, # and after it has been read in the client) self._disconnect_on_finish = False self._clear_callbacks() # Save the start lines after we read or write them; they # affect later processing (e.g. 304 responses and HEAD methods # have content-length but no bodies) self._request_start_line = None # type: Optional[httputil.RequestStartLine] self._response_start_line = None # type: Optional[httputil.ResponseStartLine] self._request_headers = None # type: Optional[httputil.HTTPHeaders] # True if we are writing output with chunked encoding. self._chunking_output = False # While reading a body with a content-length, this is the # amount left to read. self._expected_content_remaining = None # type: Optional[int] # A Future for our outgoing writes, returned by IOStream.write. self._pending_write = None # type: Optional[Future[None]] def read_response(self, delegate: httputil.HTTPMessageDelegate) -> Awaitable[bool]: """Read a single HTTP response. Typical client-mode usage is to write a request using `write_headers`, `write`, and `finish`, and then call ``read_response``. :arg delegate: a `.HTTPMessageDelegate` Returns a `.Future` that resolves to a bool after the full response has been read. The result is true if the stream is still open. """ if self.params.decompress: delegate = _GzipMessageDelegate(delegate, self.params.chunk_size) return self._read_message(delegate) async def _read_message(self, delegate: httputil.HTTPMessageDelegate) -> bool: need_delegate_close = False try: header_future = self.stream.read_until_regex( b"\r?\n\r?\n", max_bytes=self.params.max_header_size ) if self.params.header_timeout is None: header_data = await header_future else: try: header_data = await gen.with_timeout( self.stream.io_loop.time() + self.params.header_timeout, header_future, quiet_exceptions=iostream.StreamClosedError, ) except gen.TimeoutError: self.close() return False start_line_str, headers = self._parse_headers(header_data) if self.is_client: resp_start_line = httputil.parse_response_start_line(start_line_str) self._response_start_line = resp_start_line start_line = ( resp_start_line ) # type: Union[httputil.RequestStartLine, httputil.ResponseStartLine] # TODO: this will need to change to support client-side keepalive self._disconnect_on_finish = False else: req_start_line = httputil.parse_request_start_line(start_line_str) self._request_start_line = req_start_line self._request_headers = headers start_line = req_start_line self._disconnect_on_finish = not self._can_keep_alive( req_start_line, headers ) need_delegate_close = True with _ExceptionLoggingContext(app_log): header_recv_future = delegate.headers_received(start_line, headers) if header_recv_future is not None: await header_recv_future if self.stream is None: # We've been detached. need_delegate_close = False return False skip_body = False if self.is_client: assert isinstance(start_line, httputil.ResponseStartLine) if ( self._request_start_line is not None and self._request_start_line.method == "HEAD" ): skip_body = True code = start_line.code if code == 304: # 304 responses may include the content-length header # but do not actually have a body. # http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.3 skip_body = True if code >= 100 and code < 200: # 1xx responses should never indicate the presence of # a body. if "Content-Length" in headers or "Transfer-Encoding" in headers: raise httputil.HTTPInputError( "Response code %d cannot have body" % code ) # TODO: client delegates will get headers_received twice # in the case of a 100-continue. Document or change? await self._read_message(delegate) else: if headers.get("Expect") == "100-continue" and not self._write_finished: self.stream.write(b"HTTP/1.1 100 (Continue)\r\n\r\n") if not skip_body: body_future = self._read_body( resp_start_line.code if self.is_client else 0, headers, delegate ) if body_future is not None: if self._body_timeout is None: await body_future else: try: await gen.with_timeout( self.stream.io_loop.time() + self._body_timeout, body_future, quiet_exceptions=iostream.StreamClosedError, ) except gen.TimeoutError: gen_log.info("Timeout reading body from %s", self.context) self.stream.close() return False self._read_finished = True if not self._write_finished or self.is_client: need_delegate_close = False with _ExceptionLoggingContext(app_log): delegate.finish() # If we're waiting for the application to produce an asynchronous # response, and we're not detached, register a close callback # on the stream (we didn't need one while we were reading) if ( not self._finish_future.done() and self.stream is not None and not self.stream.closed() ): self.stream.set_close_callback(self._on_connection_close) await self._finish_future if self.is_client and self._disconnect_on_finish: self.close() if self.stream is None: return False except httputil.HTTPInputError as e: gen_log.info("Malformed HTTP message from %s: %s", self.context, e) if not self.is_client: await self.stream.write(b"HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request\r\n\r\n") self.close() return False finally: if need_delegate_close: with _ExceptionLoggingContext(app_log): delegate.on_connection_close() header_future = None # type: ignore self._clear_callbacks() return True def _clear_callbacks(self) -> None: """Clears the callback attributes. This allows the request handler to be garbage collected more quickly in CPython by breaking up reference cycles. """ self._write_callback = None self._write_future = None # type: Optional[Future[None]] self._close_callback = None # type: Optional[Callable[[], None]] if self.stream is not None: self.stream.set_close_callback(None) def set_close_callback(self, callback: Optional[Callable[[], None]]) -> None: """Sets a callback that will be run when the connection is closed. Note that this callback is slightly different from `.HTTPMessageDelegate.on_connection_close`: The `.HTTPMessageDelegate` method is called when the connection is closed while recieving a message. This callback is used when there is not an active delegate (for example, on the server side this callback is used if the client closes the connection after sending its request but before receiving all the response. """ self._close_callback = callback def _on_connection_close(self) -> None: # Note that this callback is only registered on the IOStream # when we have finished reading the request and are waiting for # the application to produce its response. if self._close_callback is not None: callback = self._close_callback self._close_callback = None callback() if not self._finish_future.done(): future_set_result_unless_cancelled(self._finish_future, None) self._clear_callbacks() def close(self) -> None: if self.stream is not None: self.stream.close() self._clear_callbacks() if not self._finish_future.done(): future_set_result_unless_cancelled(self._finish_future, None) def detach(self) -> iostream.IOStream: """Take control of the underlying stream. Returns the underlying `.IOStream` object and stops all further HTTP processing. May only be called during `.HTTPMessageDelegate.headers_received`. Intended for implementing protocols like websockets that tunnel over an HTTP handshake. """ self._clear_callbacks() stream = self.stream self.stream = None # type: ignore if not self._finish_future.done(): future_set_result_unless_cancelled(self._finish_future, None) return stream def set_body_timeout(self, timeout: float) -> None: """Sets the body timeout for a single request. Overrides the value from `.HTTP1ConnectionParameters`. """ self._body_timeout = timeout def set_max_body_size(self, max_body_size: int) -> None: """Sets the body size limit for a single request. Overrides the value from `.HTTP1ConnectionParameters`. """ self._max_body_size = max_body_size def write_headers( self, start_line: Union[httputil.RequestStartLine, httputil.ResponseStartLine], headers: httputil.HTTPHeaders, chunk: bytes = None, ) -> "Future[None]": """Implements `.HTTPConnection.write_headers`.""" lines = [] if self.is_client: assert isinstance(start_line, httputil.RequestStartLine) self._request_start_line = start_line lines.append(utf8("%s %s HTTP/1.1" % (start_line[0], start_line[1]))) # Client requests with a non-empty body must have either a # Content-Length or a Transfer-Encoding. self._chunking_output = ( start_line.method in ("POST", "PUT", "PATCH") and "Content-Length" not in headers and ( "Transfer-Encoding" not in headers or headers["Transfer-Encoding"] == "chunked" ) ) else: assert isinstance(start_line, httputil.ResponseStartLine) assert self._request_start_line is not None assert self._request_headers is not None self._response_start_line = start_line lines.append(utf8("HTTP/1.1 %d %s" % (start_line[1], start_line[2]))) self._chunking_output = ( # TODO: should this use # self._request_start_line.version or # start_line.version? self._request_start_line.version == "HTTP/1.1" # 1xx, 204 and 304 responses have no body (not even a zero-length # body), and so should not have either Content-Length or # Transfer-Encoding headers. and start_line.code not in (204, 304) and (start_line.code < 100 or start_line.code >= 200) # No need to chunk the output if a Content-Length is specified. and "Content-Length" not in headers # Applications are discouraged from touching Transfer-Encoding, # but if they do, leave it alone. and "Transfer-Encoding" not in headers ) # If connection to a 1.1 client will be closed, inform client if ( self._request_start_line.version == "HTTP/1.1" and self._disconnect_on_finish ): headers["Connection"] = "close" # If a 1.0 client asked for keep-alive, add the header. if ( self._request_start_line.version == "HTTP/1.0" and self._request_headers.get("Connection", "").lower() == "keep-alive" ): headers["Connection"] = "Keep-Alive" if self._chunking_output: headers["Transfer-Encoding"] = "chunked" if not self.is_client and ( self._request_start_line.method == "HEAD" or cast(httputil.ResponseStartLine, start_line).code == 304 ): self._expected_content_remaining = 0 elif "Content-Length" in headers: self._expected_content_remaining = int(headers["Content-Length"]) else: self._expected_content_remaining = None # TODO: headers are supposed to be of type str, but we still have some # cases that let bytes slip through. Remove these native_str calls when those # are fixed. header_lines = ( native_str(n) + ": " + native_str(v) for n, v in headers.get_all() ) lines.extend(l.encode("latin1") for l in header_lines) for line in lines: if b"\n" in line: raise ValueError("Newline in header: " + repr(line)) future = None if self.stream.closed(): future = self._write_future = Future() future.set_exception(iostream.StreamClosedError()) future.exception() else: future = self._write_future = Future() data = b"\r\n".join(lines) + b"\r\n\r\n" if chunk: data += self._format_chunk(chunk) self._pending_write = self.stream.write(data) future_add_done_callback(self._pending_write, self._on_write_complete) return future def _format_chunk(self, chunk: bytes) -> bytes: if self._expected_content_remaining is not None: self._expected_content_remaining -= len(chunk) if self._expected_content_remaining < 0: # Close the stream now to stop further framing errors. self.stream.close() raise httputil.HTTPOutputError( "Tried to write more data than Content-Length" ) if self._chunking_output and chunk: # Don't write out empty chunks because that means END-OF-STREAM # with chunked encoding return utf8("%x" % len(chunk)) + b"\r\n" + chunk + b"\r\n" else: return chunk def write(self, chunk: bytes) -> "Future[None]": """Implements `.HTTPConnection.write`. For backwards compatibility it is allowed but deprecated to skip `write_headers` and instead call `write()` with a pre-encoded header block. """ future = None if self.stream.closed(): future = self._write_future = Future() self._write_future.set_exception(iostream.StreamClosedError()) self._write_future.exception() else: future = self._write_future = Future() self._pending_write = self.stream.write(self._format_chunk(chunk)) future_add_done_callback(self._pending_write, self._on_write_complete) return future def finish(self) -> None: """Implements `.HTTPConnection.finish`.""" if ( self._expected_content_remaining is not None and self._expected_content_remaining != 0 and not self.stream.closed() ): self.stream.close() raise httputil.HTTPOutputError( "Tried to write %d bytes less than Content-Length" % self._expected_content_remaining ) if self._chunking_output: if not self.stream.closed(): self._pending_write = self.stream.write(b"0\r\n\r\n") self._pending_write.add_done_callback(self._on_write_complete) self._write_finished = True # If the app finished the request while we're still reading, # divert any remaining data away from the delegate and # close the connection when we're done sending our response. # Closing the connection is the only way to avoid reading the # whole input body. if not self._read_finished: self._disconnect_on_finish = True # No more data is coming, so instruct TCP to send any remaining # data immediately instead of waiting for a full packet or ack. self.stream.set_nodelay(True) if self._pending_write is None: self._finish_request(None) else: future_add_done_callback(self._pending_write, self._finish_request) def _on_write_complete(self, future: "Future[None]") -> None: exc = future.exception() if exc is not None and not isinstance(exc, iostream.StreamClosedError): future.result() if self._write_callback is not None: callback = self._write_callback self._write_callback = None self.stream.io_loop.add_callback(callback) if self._write_future is not None: future = self._write_future self._write_future = None future_set_result_unless_cancelled(future, None) def _can_keep_alive( self, start_line: httputil.RequestStartLine, headers: httputil.HTTPHeaders ) -> bool: if self.params.no_keep_alive: return False connection_header = headers.get("Connection") if connection_header is not None: connection_header = connection_header.lower() if start_line.version == "HTTP/1.1": return connection_header != "close" elif ( "Content-Length" in headers or headers.get("Transfer-Encoding", "").lower() == "chunked" or getattr(start_line, "method", None) in ("HEAD", "GET") ): # start_line may be a request or response start line; only # the former has a method attribute. return connection_header == "keep-alive" return False def _finish_request(self, future: "Optional[Future[None]]") -> None: self._clear_callbacks() if not self.is_client and self._disconnect_on_finish: self.close() return # Turn Nagle's algorithm back on, leaving the stream in its # default state for the next request. self.stream.set_nodelay(False) if not self._finish_future.done(): future_set_result_unless_cancelled(self._finish_future, None) def _parse_headers(self, data: bytes) -> Tuple[str, httputil.HTTPHeaders]: # The lstrip removes newlines that some implementations sometimes # insert between messages of a reused connection. Per RFC 7230, # we SHOULD ignore at least one empty line before the request. # http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.5 data_str = native_str(data.decode("latin1")).lstrip("\r\n") # RFC 7230 section allows for both CRLF and bare LF. eol = data_str.find("\n") start_line = data_str[:eol].rstrip("\r") headers = httputil.HTTPHeaders.parse(data_str[eol:]) return start_line, headers def _read_body( self, code: int, headers: httputil.HTTPHeaders, delegate: httputil.HTTPMessageDelegate, ) -> Optional[Awaitable[None]]: if "Content-Length" in headers: if "Transfer-Encoding" in headers: # Response cannot contain both Content-Length and # Transfer-Encoding headers. # http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.3.3 raise httputil.HTTPInputError( "Response with both Transfer-Encoding and Content-Length" ) if "," in headers["Content-Length"]: # Proxies sometimes cause Content-Length headers to get # duplicated. If all the values are identical then we can # use them but if they differ it's an error. pieces = re.split(r",\s*", headers["Content-Length"]) if any(i != pieces[0] for i in pieces): raise httputil.HTTPInputError( "Multiple unequal Content-Lengths: %r" % headers["Content-Length"] ) headers["Content-Length"] = pieces[0] try: content_length = int(headers["Content-Length"]) # type: Optional[int] except ValueError: # Handles non-integer Content-Length value. raise httputil.HTTPInputError( "Only integer Content-Length is allowed: %s" % headers["Content-Length"] ) if cast(int, content_length) > self._max_body_size: raise httputil.HTTPInputError("Content-Length too long") else: content_length = None if code == 204: # This response code is not allowed to have a non-empty body, # and has an implicit length of zero instead of read-until-close. # http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec4.html#sec4.3 if "Transfer-Encoding" in headers or content_length not in (None, 0): raise httputil.HTTPInputError( "Response with code %d should not have body" % code ) content_length = 0 if content_length is not None: return self._read_fixed_body(content_length, delegate) if headers.get("Transfer-Encoding", "").lower() == "chunked": return self._read_chunked_body(delegate) if self.is_client: return self._read_body_until_close(delegate) return None async def _read_fixed_body( self, content_length: int, delegate: httputil.HTTPMessageDelegate ) -> None: while content_length > 0: body = await self.stream.read_bytes( min(self.params.chunk_size, content_length), partial=True ) content_length -= len(body) if not self._write_finished or self.is_client: with _ExceptionLoggingContext(app_log): ret = delegate.data_received(body) if ret is not None: await ret async def _read_chunked_body(self, delegate: httputil.HTTPMessageDelegate) -> None: # TODO: "chunk extensions" http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616#section-3.6.1 total_size = 0 while True: chunk_len_str = await self.stream.read_until(b"\r\n", max_bytes=64) chunk_len = int(chunk_len_str.strip(), 16) if chunk_len == 0: crlf = await self.stream.read_bytes(2) if crlf != b"\r\n": raise httputil.HTTPInputError( "improperly terminated chunked request" ) return total_size += chunk_len if total_size > self._max_body_size: raise httputil.HTTPInputError("chunked body too large") bytes_to_read = chunk_len while bytes_to_read: chunk = await self.stream.read_bytes( min(bytes_to_read, self.params.chunk_size), partial=True ) bytes_to_read -= len(chunk) if not self._write_finished or self.is_client: with _ExceptionLoggingContext(app_log): ret = delegate.data_received(chunk) if ret is not None: await ret # chunk ends with \r\n crlf = await self.stream.read_bytes(2) assert crlf == b"\r\n" async def _read_body_until_close( self, delegate: httputil.HTTPMessageDelegate ) -> None: body = await self.stream.read_until_close() if not self._write_finished or self.is_client: with _ExceptionLoggingContext(app_log): ret = delegate.data_received(body) if ret is not None: await ret class _GzipMessageDelegate(httputil.HTTPMessageDelegate): """Wraps an `HTTPMessageDelegate` to decode ``Content-Encoding: gzip``. """ def __init__(self, delegate: httputil.HTTPMessageDelegate, chunk_size: int) -> None: self._delegate = delegate self._chunk_size = chunk_size self._decompressor = None # type: Optional[GzipDecompressor] def headers_received( self, start_line: Union[httputil.RequestStartLine, httputil.ResponseStartLine], headers: httputil.HTTPHeaders, ) -> Optional[Awaitable[None]]: if headers.get("Content-Encoding") == "gzip": self._decompressor = GzipDecompressor() # Downstream delegates will only see uncompressed data, # so rename the content-encoding header. # (but note that curl_httpclient doesn't do this). headers.add("X-Consumed-Content-Encoding", headers["Content-Encoding"]) del headers["Content-Encoding"] return self._delegate.headers_received(start_line, headers) async def data_received(self, chunk: bytes) -> None: if self._decompressor: compressed_data = chunk while compressed_data: decompressed = self._decompressor.decompress( compressed_data, self._chunk_size ) if decompressed: ret = self._delegate.data_received(decompressed) if ret is not None: await ret compressed_data = self._decompressor.unconsumed_tail else: ret = self._delegate.data_received(chunk) if ret is not None: await ret def finish(self) -> None: if self._decompressor is not None: tail = self._decompressor.flush() if tail: # The tail should always be empty: decompress returned # all that it can in data_received and the only # purpose of the flush call is to detect errors such # as truncated input. If we did legitimately get a new # chunk at this point we'd need to change the # interface to make finish() a coroutine. raise ValueError( "decompressor.flush returned data; possile truncated input" ) return self._delegate.finish() def on_connection_close(self) -> None: return self._delegate.on_connection_close() class HTTP1ServerConnection(object): """An HTTP/1.x server.""" def __init__( self, stream: iostream.IOStream, params: HTTP1ConnectionParameters = None, context: object = None, ) -> None: """ :arg stream: an `.IOStream` :arg params: a `.HTTP1ConnectionParameters` or None :arg context: an opaque application-defined object that is accessible as ``connection.context`` """ self.stream = stream if params is None: params = HTTP1ConnectionParameters() self.params = params self.context = context self._serving_future = None # type: Optional[Future[None]] async def close(self) -> None: """Closes the connection. Returns a `.Future` that resolves after the serving loop has exited. """ self.stream.close() # Block until the serving loop is done, but ignore any exceptions # (start_serving is already responsible for logging them). assert self._serving_future is not None try: await self._serving_future except Exception: pass def start_serving(self, delegate: httputil.HTTPServerConnectionDelegate) -> None: """Starts serving requests on this connection. :arg delegate: a `.HTTPServerConnectionDelegate` """ assert isinstance(delegate, httputil.HTTPServerConnectionDelegate) fut = gen.convert_yielded(self._server_request_loop(delegate)) self._serving_future = fut # Register the future on the IOLoop so its errors get logged. self.stream.io_loop.add_future(fut, lambda f: f.result()) async def _server_request_loop( self, delegate: httputil.HTTPServerConnectionDelegate ) -> None: try: while True: conn = HTTP1Connection(self.stream, False, self.params, self.context) request_delegate = delegate.start_request(self, conn) try: ret = await conn.read_response(request_delegate) except ( iostream.StreamClosedError, iostream.UnsatisfiableReadError, asyncio.CancelledError, ): return except _QuietException: # This exception was already logged. conn.close() return except Exception: gen_log.error("Uncaught exception", exc_info=True) conn.close() return if not ret: return await asyncio.sleep(0) finally: delegate.on_close(self)